A monochromator can use either the phenomenon of in a, or that of using a, to spatially separate the colors of light. A reflective prism is made by making a right triangle prism (typically, half of an equilateral prism) with one side mirrored.
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Gratings in a monochromator help spread light efficiently across detector arrays, which boosts speed and signal quality. Narrow slits improve resolution but reduce light; wider slits increase throughput but may blur details. The monochromator comprises a dispersive element, an entrance slit and mirrors to create a parallel beam similar to sunlight, and an exit slit and mirrors to extract the monochromatic light. This can be used to separate a beam of white light into its constituent spectrum of colors (top). The name is from Greek mono- 'single'; chroma 'colour' and Latin -ator 'denoting an agent'.
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