In this paper, various technologies of distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing are reviewed, from interferometric sensing technology, such as Sagnac, Mach–Zehnder, and Michelson, to backscattering-based sensing technology, such as phase-sensitive optical time domain. Optical parameters such as light intensity, phase, polarization state, or light frequency will change when external vibration is applied on the sensing fiber. Fiber optic vibration sensors that use existing fiber optic cables laid for communication have the advantage of being able to collectively and accurately measure vibrations over a wide range along the cables1), 2), and in recent years, they have been attracting attention as a means of environmental. National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 622150, China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University. Fiber Sensing Principles Several principles can be used to construct sensors using an optical fiber as the sensory medium.
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